Culture, Socialization and Social interaction What is culture? • Culture is made up of the values, beliefs, underlying assumptions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a group of people. Culture is the behavior that results when a group arrives at a set of – generally unspoken and unwritten – rules for working together. Ethnocentrism • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nboEj2Nbrc4 Cultural Imperialism • Imposition of one’s own cultural values on another culture This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Cultural relativism – Viewing culture from its own standards — Arranged marriages in India This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND Norms and Values • All societies have ways to encourage and enforce appropriate behavior, and discourage and punish inappropriate behavior • Collective idea of what is good and desirable, and what is not Norms • Norms: established standards of behavior maintained by a society • To be significant, must be widely shared and understood • Example – how to behave in a movie theater (norm of silence) • But, its ok to be noisy in a funny movie. Values • Cultural values: collective conceptions of what is good, desirable, and proper—or bad, undesirable, and improper • Example – Independence. Americans strongly believe in the concept of individualism. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Values and Norms Value: Conservation Norm: reduce and recycle This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Norms • Types of Norms • Formal norms: generally written; specify strict punishments • Law: governmental social control • Parking at HCC • Informal norms: generally understood but not precisely recorded • How to dress? What is appropriate dress code? Formal and Informal Norms This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BYNC-ND How children should behave • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nib_jF-PffQ • What are the norms about children’s behavior? • What are the norms about parent’s behavior? • Informal norms are more flexible, yet breaking them leads to uneasiness. Mores and Folkways (Norms) • Mores: norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society • Example – respect for human life, faithfulness • Folkways: norms governing everyday behavior • Example – Greeting someone Norms • Norms and Sanctions • Sanctions: penalties and rewards for conduct concerning social norm • Positive sanctions: pay raises, medals, words of gratitude • Negative sanctions: fines, threats, imprisonment, and stares of contempt How powerful are norms?
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