Human Anatomy Final (34 multiple Choice, 2 Short Answer)
1.
(04.01 LC)
A patient does not have a family history of hypertension. This means which of the following? ( 2 points)
She will not get hypertension, even if she is a heavy smoker.
She will not get hypertension, regardless of her red blood cell count.
She could still get hypertension if she becomes a heavy smoker.
She could still get hypertension if her red blood cell count drops.
2.
(06.02 MC)
Which of the following are examples of the physical and chemical nonspecific immune system? (2 points)
Physical: skin and enzymes; chemical: inflammation and fever
Physical: skin and mucous membranes; chemical: tears and saliva
Physical: stomach acids and enzymes; chemical: histamines and white blood cells
Physical: inflammation and fever; chemical: white blood cells and histamines
3.
(06.02 MC)
What are the functions of T memory cells? (2 points)
To remember a specific antibody and to manufacture the corresponding antigen when needed
To remember a specific antigen and to stimulate the immune system to react faster to invasion
To recognize antibodies and to halt the activation phase in the immune system
To recognize antigens and to begin the activation phase in the immune system
4.
(04.01 MC)
Which of the following would create the second heart sound? (2 points)
Closing of the valves when the blood leaves the heart
Opening of the valves when blood moves into the heart
Blood moving to the ventricles
Blood moving out of the atrium
5.
(06.04 MC)
Which of the following groups of organs provide secretions that nourish and protect sperm cells? (2 points)
Vas deferens; epididymis; Cowper’s glands
Seminal vesicles; Cowper’s glands; prostate gland
Seminal vesicles; seminiferous tubules; epididymis
Vas deferens; seminiferous tubules; prostate gland
6.
(04.02 MC)
Image Courtesy of 3DScience.com
Based on the diagram above, which of the labeled constituents carry oxygen from the lungs to other cells in the body? (2 points)
D
C
B
A
7.
(04.03 MC)
Hemostasis involves which of the following components? (2 points)
Platelets, endothelium cells, and fibrin
Platelets, fibrin, and red blood cells
Collagen fibers, endothelium cells, and platelets
Collagen fibers, endothelium cells, and fibrin
8.
(05.02 MC)
Which of the following correctly describes the structure and its function? (2 points)
Cardiac sphincter; controls what food enters the stomach
Stomach; mixes chum and food
Small intestine; absorbs fats and fatty acids
Colon; food is chemically digested
9.
(04.02 LC)
Which of the following is the largest component of blood plasma? (2 points)
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Water
10.
(06.02 LC)
A person who was infected with many common diseases as a child will contain more of which of the following compared to a child who was not exposed to many diseases? (2 points)
Memory cells that provide a specific defense
Memory cells that provide a nonspecific defense
Monocytes that provide a specific defense
Monocytes that provide a nonspecific defense
11.
(04.02 MC)
According to the National Institute of Health, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) happens when there is a narrowing of the blood vessels outside of your heart. The cause of PAD is atherosclerosis. This can reduce or stop blood flow, usually to the legs, causing them to hurt or feel numb. If severe enough, blocked blood flow can cause tissue death. If this condition is left untreated, a foot or leg may need to be amputated.
Based on the passage above, which of the following would indicate PAD? (2 points)
Low flexibility of blood vessels and increased number of white blood cells
High flexibility of blood vessels and decreased number of white blood cells
Low flexibility of blood vessels in the limbs and high blood pressure
High flexibility of blood vessels in the limbs and low blood pressure
12.
(04.02 LC)
Which of the following is an example of a disease that is properly matched with one of its environmental risk factors? (2 points)
High blood pressure -genetics
Arteriosclerosis-diet
Hemophilia- poor nutrition
Anemia-family history
13.
(04.05 HC)
Slowing down or stopping an activity because you can’t catch your breath is one sign of COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In COPD the airways of the lungs are narrowed, and this makes it hard to get air out and causes an “out of breath” feeling. Other symptoms of COPD can include frequent coughing, excess mucus, and sometimes wheezing. Some patients with COPD also show loss of lung tissue on chest x-rays-a condition called “emphysema.”
Explain what is meant by the statement: “In COPD the airways of the lungs are narrowed.” Specifically, what part of the respiratory system will be narrowed? Then explain how emphysema could lead to shortness of breath. Be sure to identify and describe the specific tissues involved. (5 points)
14.
(06.02 MC)
Where is urea produced, and where is it removed from the blood? (2 points)
Kidneys; bladder
Bladder; liver
Kidneys; liver
Liver; kidneys
15.
(05.01 MC)
A tear in the right rib muscles has caused the muscles to spasm, meaning they are locked in a contracted state. How would this affect breathing in the right lung? (2 points)
It would prevent inspiration.
It would prevent expiration.
It would reduce the force of inspiration.
It would reduce the force of expiration.
16.
(04.01 MC)
How does smoking and arterial plaques increase the risk of hypertension? (2 points)
Both increase blood volume.
Both decrease blood volume.
Both expand the diameter of the blood vessels.
Both constrict the diameter of the blood vessels.
17.
(05.01 MC)
Abdominal breathing is a condition in which only the inferior half of the lungs can be seen expanding and contracting with each breath. Which of the following would cause abdominal breathing? (2 points)
Damage to the nerves that control the diaphragm
Damage to the nerves that control the rib muscles
Damage to the medulla oblongata
Damage to the respiratory center
18.
(04.03 LC)
What is the definition of hemostasis? (2 points)
The mechanisms that regulate blood flow through the arteries and veins
The mechanisms that regulate the dilation and constriction of blood vessels
The mechanisms that regulate the volume of blood flowing through blood vessels
The mechanisms that regulate bleeding in an organ or body part due to an injury
19.
(05.04 MC)
© Public Domain
In the enzyme reaction above, catechol is the substrate, oxygen is a reactant, catechol oxidase is the enzyme, benzoquinone is the product, and water (H2O) is a by-product. Which of the following will decrease the rate of this reaction? (2 points)
Reducing the amount of oxygen
Reducing the amount of catechol
Increasing the amount of catechol oxidase
Increasing the amount of benzoquinone
20.
(06.03 MC)
What is the name and function of the main lymphatic tissue found in the intestines? (2 points)
Thymus gland: enables the conversion of immature lymphocytes into mature T cells
Thymus gland: contains B cells that initiate the humoral immune response during infection
Payer’s patch: enables the conversion of immature lymphocytes into mature T cells
Payer’s patch: contains B cells that initiate the humoral immune response during infection
21.
(04.01 MC)
Exercise can reduce the amount of arterial plaque in blood vessels. Which of the following effects would this produce on the circulatory system? (2 points)
Reduce blood pressure by increasing the diameter of the blood vessels
Increase blood pressure by increasing the diameter of the blood vessels
Reduce blood pressure by decreasing the diameter of the blood vessels
Increase blood pressure by decreasing the diameter of the blood vessels
22.
(06.03 MC)
Which of the following describes the function of lymph nodes? (2 points)
Filter lymph using lymphocytes
Filter blood using antibodies
Filter lymph using antibodies
Filter blood using lymphocytes
23.
(05.02 MC)
Which of the following would accompany a high-protein meal moving through the digestive system? (2 points)
The release of gastrin, which triggers the liver to release bile
The release of secretin, which triggers the stomach to release pepsin
The release of secretin, which triggers the liver to release bile
The release of gastrin, which triggers the stomach to release pepsin
24.
(06.01 HC)
People who suffer renal failure are treated with a medical process called dialysis. A dialysis machine carries out the role of the kidneys. Explain the functions that a dialysis machine must perform in order to carry out the work of the kidneys. In your answer, include which structures of a working kidney carry out each function. (5 points)
25.
(04.02 MC)
According to the National Institute of Health, ventricular tachycardia is a fast, regular beating of the ventricles that may last for only a few seconds or for much longer. A few beats of ventricular tachycardia often doesn’t cause problems. However, episodes that last for more than a few seconds can be dangerous. Ventricular tachycardia can turn into other, more serious arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation.
Based on the passage above, how will prolonged ventricular tachycardia affect blood pressure? (2 points)
It will increase blood pressure because the ventricles are contracting with more force.
It will increase blood pressure because the ventricles are filling with more blood between beats.
It will decrease blood pressure because there is a longer rest period beats of the ventricles.
It will decrease blood pressure because the ventricles are filling with less blood between beats.
26.
(05.04 MC)
Which of the following would increase the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction? (2 points)
Increase the concentration of inhibitors present in the reaction.
Decrease the concentration of cofactors present in the reaction.
Increase the substrate concentration and increase the enzyme concentration.
Decrease the substrate concentration and decrease the enzyme concentration.
27.
(04.01 LC)
Which of the following prevents blood from flowing backward through the circulatory system? (2 points)
Smooth muscle in the arteries
Smooth muscle in the veins
Valves in the arteries
Valves in the veins
28.
(04.01 MC)
Arteries gradually constrict between each heartbeat. This would allow for which of the following? (2 points)
Blood pressure would drop during a heartbeat.
Blood pressure would increase between heartbeats.
Blood flow would be temporarily blocked between heartbeats.
Blood volume would increase between heartbeats.
29.
(06.04 MC)
Based on the diagram above, which best describes the structure and function of C? (2 points)
Hollow organ that contains and nourishes the embryo and fetus
Muscular tube into which egg cells are released for fertilization
Narrow passage that transports the egg from the uterus to the vagina
Sexual gland in which egg cells are formed and stored until ovulation
30.
(05.02 MC)
How does acetylcholine influence chemical and physical digestion? (2 points)
Chemical-triggers release of pancreatic enzyme; Physical-triggers stomach muscle contraction
Chemical-triggers release of bile; Physical-triggers tongue contraction
Chemical-triggers stomach muscle contraction; Physical-triggers release of pancreatic enzyme
Chemical-triggers tongue contraction; Physical-triggers release of bile
31.
(06.05 MC)
© Image Courtesy of 3DScience.com
Based on the diagram above, which of the following describes the role of organ A? (2 points)
It enables maternal-fetal blood exchange so the fetus receives oxygen removes nutrients and waste products.
It delivers oxygen and nutrients and removes carbon dioxide and other waste products through the skin of the fetus.
It connects the fetus to the uterus, which is the source of oxygen, nutrients, and waste disposal for the fetus.
It provides oxygen and nutrients and removes carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus’s blood.
32.
(06.01 MC)
According to the National Institute of Health, adhesions are bands of fibrous tissue. They can connect the loops of the intestines to each other, to nearby organs, or to the wall of the abdomen. They can pull sections of the intestines out of place. This may block food from passing through the intestine. Adhesions can sometimes cause infertility in women by preventing fertilized eggs from reaching the uterus.
What is one way that an adhesion could prevent fertilized eggs from reaching the uterus? (2 points)
By the intestines adhering to the epididymis
By the intestines adhering to the vagina
By an adhesion putting pressure on the fallopian tubes
By an adhesion putting pressure on the ovaries
33.
(04.02 MC)
Which of the formed elements of blood is primarily involved in clotting? (2 points)
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
34.
(06.03 MC)
Which of the following would increase the spread of cancer through the body? (2 points)
Low blood-flow rate
Low lymph-flow rate
Low antibody count
Low lymphocyte count
35.
(05.03 MC)
Why are nucleic acids not considered a nutrient? (2 points)
Only macromolecules containing nitrogen are considered nutrients.
Only macromolecules that produce enzymes are considered nutrients.
They are information-storing molecules and are not used for energy storage.
They are structural molecules and are not used for energy storage.
36.
(05.02 MC)
Which of the following would increase the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction? (2 points)
Decreasing enzyme, decreasing substrate, decreasing cofactors
Decreasing enzyme, decreasing inhibitors, decreasing cofactors
Increasing enzyme, increasing substrate, increasing cofactors
Increasing enzyme, increasing inhibitors, increasing cofactors
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